Список казнённых в США в 1951 году
Внешний вид
Казни в США в 1951 году В 1951 году в США были казнены 101 человек: 100 мужчин и одна женщина. Из них 80 приговоренных были казнены на электрическом стуле, 14 — в газовой камере, пятеро — через повешение, и двое — расстреляны. Этот год стал последним, когда в стране было казнено не менее 100 человек.
Список казненных в США в 1951 году[править | править код]
(Таблица удалена для краткости. Основные данные: дата казни, имя, возраст, пол, этническая принадлежность, штат и метод исполнения приговора.)
Демография[править | править код]
| Пол | ||
|---|---|---|
| Мужчины | 100 | |
| Женщины | 1 | |
| Этническая принадлежность | ||
| Белые | 50 | |
| Чернокожие | 46 | |
| Латиноамериканцы | 4 | |
| Коренные американцы | 1 | |
| Штат | ||
| Техас | 13 | |
| Виргиния | 10 | |
| Флорида | 8 | |
| Нью-Йорк | 8 | |
| Джорджия | 7 | |
| Луизиана | 7 | |
| Калифорния | 6 | |
| Арканзас | 5 | |
| Миссисипи | 5 | |
| Огайо | 4 | |
| Северная Каролина | 3 | |
| Оклахома | 3 | |
| Пенсильвания | 3 | |
| Западная Виргиния | 3 | |
| Айдахо | 2 | |
| Невада | 2 | |
| Юта | 2 | |
| Вашингтон | 2 | |
| Аризона | 1 | |
| Колорадо | 1 | |
| Индиана | 1 | |
| Канзас | 1 | |
| Кентукки | 1 | |
| Миссури | 1 | |
| Нью-Джерси | 1 | |
| Южная Каролина | 1 | |
| Метод казни | ||
| Электрический стул | 80 | |
| Газовая камера | 14 | |
| Повешение | 5 | |
| Расстрел | 2 | |
| Месяц | ||
| Январь | 16 | |
| Февраль | 15 | |
| Март | 16 | |
| Апрель | 8 | |
| Май | 3 | |
| Июнь | 6 | |
| Июль | 9 | |
| Август | 3 | |
| Сентябрь | 9 | |
| Октябрь | 3 | |
| Ноябрь | 7 | |
| Декабрь | 6 | |
| Возраст | ||
| Неизвестно | 1 | |
| 10–19 лет | 2 | |
| 20–29 лет | 53 | |
| 30–39 лет | 26 | |
| 40–49 лет | 15 | |
| 50–59 лет | 2 | |
| 60–69 лет | 1 | |
| 70–79 лет | 1 | |
| Всего | 101 | 100% |
Казни в последующие годы[править | править код]
| Год | Количество казней |
|---|---|
| 1952 | 81 |
| 1951 | 101 |
| 1950 | 83 |
| Итого | 265 |
Ссылки[править | править код]
- https://dpic-cdn.org/production/legacy/ESPYyear.pdf|title=Executions
- https://books.google.com/books?id=-lwiAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=max+klettke&article_id=6715,482935&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi828neidGOAxU7FFkFHaYwFlgQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=max%20klettke&f=false|title=Klettke
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/217-la-57-0.html|title=State
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-1951-jan-5-claud/41532510/|title=Convict
- https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=walter+mcdonald+florida&article_id=3040,1843723&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL7sbcldGOAxWFj4kEHTLxL7AQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=walter%20mcdonald%20florida&f=false|title=Death
- https://books.google.com/books?id=m49WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=robert+shupp+pennsylvania&article_id=4872,3574342&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB6KTFoNGOAxXwMlkFHZ54CgEQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=robert%20shupp%20pennsylvania&f=false|title=Electrocute
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45700397|title=Family
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/217-la-773-0.html|title=State
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vicksburg-post-ac-stone-dies-in/173414463/|title=Negro
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/pickett-v-state-no-892650702|title=Pickett
- https://law.justia.com/cases/indiana/supreme-court/1950/28-695-2.html|title=Watts
- https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914a0eaadd7b04934680f2a|title=State
- https://books.google.com/books?id=CchQAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=dwight+tudor&article_id=5668,6534632&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQrofBqNGOAxU6LFkFHQ1zG_kQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=dwight%20tudor&f=false|title=Tudor
- https://books.google.com/books?id=CuZXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=theodore+gregory&article_id=957,3388854&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg3pqIr9GOAxUBMlkFHYCJFXwQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=theodore%20gregory&f=false|title=Slayer
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-gazette-newspaper-clip-outli/13049214/|title=Jefferson
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vicksburg-post-murdock-hinton-dies/173681753/|title=Hinton
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/275296755|title=Execution
- https://books.google.com/books?id=okVGAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=george+doty&article_id=5075,2094629&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1ycesuNGOAxUYlIkEHfgLCtAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=george%20doty&f=false|title=Bellaire
- https://books.google.com/books?id=pog1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=willie+bunch&article_id=554,52659&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu1K6zudGOAxVhElkFHQ81OQwQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=willie%20bunch&f=false|title=Killer's
- https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2010/01/27/witness-to-an-execution/|title=Witness
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1950/4597-0.html|title=Ezell
- https://descrybe.ai/case-details/c7869063|title=Ferguson
- https://books.google.com/books?id=83MnAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=gilberto+walker&article_id=2231,1278868&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia5YSDw9GOAxWthIkEHXboF6kQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=gilberto%20walker&f=false|title=Hometown
- https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/2d/36/281.html|title=People
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/03/09/archives/2-lonely-hearts-pay-death-penalty-fernandez-mrs-beck-go-to-chair-in.html|title=2
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-sexton-23955|title=People
- https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2420210/williams-v-state/|title=Williams
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-execution-of-houston-robe/12208589/|title=Houston
- https://books.google.com/books?id=r9gbAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=curtis+shedd&article_id=5431,3134381&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQvYu40tGOAxUwFlkFHWA-E6wQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=curtis%20shedd&f=false|title=Two
- https://law.justia.com/cases/west-virginia/supreme-court/1950/10274-2.html|title=State
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/courier-post-auld-dies-tonight-as-final/6649855/|title=Auld
- https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1951/38-141-0.html|title=State
- https://books.google.com/books?id=PlZdAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=james+hewlett&article_id=1730,3620146&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0uLe41dGOAxXAlIkEHVvPEjEQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20hewlett&f=false|title=Slayer
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/13/archives/slayer-of-child-dies-in-chair.html|title=Slayer
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27012098|title=Two
- https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/supreme-court/1950/366-pa-182-0.html|title=Commonwealth
- https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebw_AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=john+henry+rogers&article_id=2906,5511606&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil1-uq2dGOAxVVFlkFHQEtOgsQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20henry%20rogers&f=false|title=Sampson
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/05/08/archives/mcgee-dies-in-mississippi-chair-final-plea-to-justice-vinson-vain.html|title=McGee
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/218-la-821-0.html|title=State
- https://books.google.com/books?id=allIAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=jessie+hilton&article_id=4804,2330654&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA6P-n7NGOAxVLF1kFHUUWKAMQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=jessie%20hilton&f=false|title=Two
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/shelkels-v-com-893077023|title=Shelkels
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/218-la-362-0.html|title=State
- https://law.justia.com/cases/washington/supreme-court/1951/31444-1.html|title=State
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/bessard-v-state-no-887309140|title=Bessard
- https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SNH19510513.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------|title=Jones
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1951/25136-3.html|title=Robinson
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arizona/supreme-court/1951/1011-0.html|title=State
- https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84025840/1951-08-03/ed-1/?sp=1&st=image&r=-0.058,0.482,0.837,0.321,0|title=Louisiana
- https://law.justia.com/cases/nevada/supreme-court/1951/3604-1.html|title=State
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4654-0.html|title=Smith
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/hathcox-v-state-no-894373374|title=Hathcox
- https://books.google.com/books?id=_BtPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=james+felton+willie+london&article_id=2412,2235768&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTttqD9tGOAxX2MlkFHRRxCRsQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20felton%20willie%20london&f=false|title=Two
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-odle-23959|title=People
- https://books.google.com/books?id=RGhdAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=fred+adair+allen+matthews&article_id=4423,2255337&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1kZ_F99GOAxXDMlkFHRP3Cj4Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=fred%20adair%20allen%20matthews&f=false|title=Fred
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-star-excel-beauchamps-arrest/67740780/|title=Young
- https://books.google.com/books?id=W-QlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=eliseo+mares&article_id=4862,3776533&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirsuDK-tGOAxWIMVkFHbO0GeIQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=eliseo%20mares&f=false|title=Firing
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-osborn-23961|title=People
- https://law.justia.com/cases/oklahoma/court-of-appeals-civil/1951/a-11318-0.html|title=Mott
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1951/25014-3.html|title=Mitchell
- https://books.google.com/books?id=BKNSAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ray+gardner+utah&article_id=3272,4891531&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjar42-_dGOAxXWD1kFHQNzFTAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20gardner%20utah&f=false|title=Utah
- https://books.google.com/books?id=iAoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=e.+b.+mclendon&article_id=3368,294542&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzJHA_tGOAxVOlYkEHc_rLiAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=e.%20b.%20mclendon&f=false|title=McLendon
- https://books.google.com/books?id=V61eAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=albert+edwards+texas&article_id=5441,3221111&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigkPT6_tGOAxX2EFkFHUi6FTIQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=albert%20edwards%20texas&f=false|title=Texan
- https://law.justia.com/cases/colorado/supreme-court/1951/16203.html|title=Berger
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-cullen-23964|title=People
- https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=RMD19510118-01.2.40&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------|title=Ohio
- https://books.google.com/books?id=X2QpAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=carroll+gantt&article_id=5943,263535&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1n9Sug9KOAxV0EVkFHSLDMd0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=carroll%20gantt&f=false|title=Police
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4656-0.html|title=Dorsey
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4669-0.html|title=Grays
- https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ca-supreme-court/1798335.html|title=People
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1950/24728-3.html|title=Mouton
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-spokesman-review-state-may-ask-death/96785109/|title=State
- https://law.justia.com/cases/virginia/supreme-court/1951/3831-1.html|title=Joyner
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-vester-mcburnet/32325584/|title=Commutation
- https://dpic-cdn.org/production/legacy/ESPYyear.pdf
- https://books.google.com/books?id=-lwiAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=max+klettke&article_id=6715,482935&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi828neidGOAxU7FFkFHaYwFlgQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=max%20klettke&f=false
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/217-la-57-0.html
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-1951-jan-5-claud/41532510/
- https://books.google.com/books?id=mgFPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=walter+mcdonald+florida&article_id=3040,1843723&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL7sbcldGOAxWFj4kEHTLxL7AQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=walter%20mcdonald%20florida&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books?id=m49WAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=robert+shupp+pennsylvania&article_id=4872,3574342&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiB6KTFoNGOAxXwMlkFHZ54CgEQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=robert%20shupp%20pennsylvania&f=false
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45700397
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/217-la-773-0.html
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vicksburg-post-ac-stone-dies-in/173414463/
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/pickett-v-state-no-892650702
- https://law.justia.com/cases/indiana/supreme-court/1950/28-695-2.html
- https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914a0eaadd7b04934680f2a
- https://books.google.com/books?id=CchQAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=dwight+tudor&article_id=5668,6534632&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQrofBqNGOAxU6LFkFHQ1zG_kQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=dwight%20tudor&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books?id=CuZXAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=theodore+gregory&article_id=957,3388854&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg3pqIr9GOAxUBMlkFHYCJFXwQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=theodore%20gregory&f=false
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-gazette-newspaper-clip-outli/13049214/
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vicksburg-post-murdock-hinton-dies/173681753/
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/275296755
- https://books.google.com/books?id=okVGAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=george+doty&article_id=5075,2094629&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1ycesuNGOAxUYlIkEHfgLCtAQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=george%20doty&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books?id=pog1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=willie+bunch&article_id=554,52659&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiu1K6zudGOAxVhElkFHQ81OQwQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=willie%20bunch&f=false
- https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2010/01/27/witness-to-an-execution/
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1950/4597-0.html
- https://descrybe.ai/case-details/c7869063
- https://books.google.com/books?id=83MnAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=gilberto+walker&article_id=2231,1278868&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia5YSDw9GOAxWthIkEHXboF6kQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=gilberto%20walker&f=false
- https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/2d/36/281.html
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/03/09/archives/2-lonely-hearts-pay-death-penalty-fernandez-mrs-beck-go-to-chair-in.html
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-sexton-23955
- https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2420210/williams-v-state/
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-execution-of-houston-robe/12208589/
- https://books.google.com/books?id=r9gbAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=curtis+shedd&article_id=5431,3134381&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQvYu40tGOAxUwFlkFHWA-E6wQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=curtis%20shedd&f=false
- https://law.justia.com/cases/west-virginia/supreme-court/1950/10274-2.html
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/courier-post-auld-dies-tonight-as-final/6649855/
- https://law.justia.com/cases/kansas/supreme-court/1951/38-141-0.html
- https://books.google.com/books?id=PlZdAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=james+hewlett&article_id=1730,3620146&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0uLe41dGOAxXAlIkEHVvPEjEQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20hewlett&f=false
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/04/13/archives/slayer-of-child-dies-in-chair.html
- https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27012098
- https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/supreme-court/1950/366-pa-182-0.html
- https://books.google.com/books?id=Ebw_AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=john+henry+rogers&article_id=2906,5511606&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil1-uq2dGOAxVVFlkFHQEtOgsQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20henry%20rogers&f=false
- https://www.nytimes.com/1951/05/08/archives/mcgee-dies-in-mississippi-chair-final-plea-to-justice-vinson-vain.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/218-la-821-0.html
- https://books.google.com/books?id=allIAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=jessie+hilton&article_id=4804,2330654&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA6P-n7NGOAxVLF1kFHUUWKAMQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=jessie%20hilton&f=false
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/shelkels-v-com-893077023
- https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1950/218-la-362-0.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/washington/supreme-court/1951/31444-1.html
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/bessard-v-state-no-887309140
- https://www.virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SNH19510513.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1951/25136-3.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arizona/supreme-court/1951/1011-0.html
- https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84025840/1951-08-03/ed-1/?sp=1&st=image&r=-0.058,0.482,0.837,0.321,0
- https://law.justia.com/cases/nevada/supreme-court/1951/3604-1.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4654-0.html
- https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/hathcox-v-state-no-894373374
- https://books.google.com/books?id=_BtPAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=james+felton+willie+london&article_id=2412,2235768&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTttqD9tGOAxX2MlkFHRRxCRsQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20felton%20willie%20london&f=false
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-odle-23959
- https://books.google.com/books?id=RGhdAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=fred+adair+allen+matthews&article_id=4423,2255337&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1kZ_F99GOAxXDMlkFHRP3Cj4Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=fred%20adair%20allen%20matthews&f=false
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-star-excel-beauchamps-arrest/67740780/
- https://books.google.com/books?id=W-QlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=eliseo+mares&article_id=4862,3776533&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirsuDK-tGOAxWIMVkFHbO0GeIQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=eliseo%20mares&f=false
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-osborn-23961
- https://law.justia.com/cases/oklahoma/court-of-appeals-civil/1951/a-11318-0.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1951/25014-3.html
- https://books.google.com/books?id=BKNSAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=ray+gardner+utah&article_id=3272,4891531&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjar42-_dGOAxXWD1kFHQNzFTAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20gardner%20utah&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books?id=iAoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=e.+b.+mclendon&article_id=3368,294542&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzJHA_tGOAxVOlYkEHc_rLiAQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=e.%20b.%20mclendon&f=false
- https://books.google.com/books?id=V61eAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=albert+edwards+texas&article_id=5441,3221111&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigkPT6_tGOAxX2EFkFHUi6FTIQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=albert%20edwards%20texas&f=false
- https://law.justia.com/cases/colorado/supreme-court/1951/16203.html
- https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-cullen-23964
- https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=RMD19510118-01.2.40&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------
- https://books.google.com/books?id=X2QpAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=carroll+gantt&article_id=5943,263535&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1n9Sug9KOAxV0EVkFHSLDMd0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=carroll%20gantt&f=false
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4656-0.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/arkansas/supreme-court/1951/4669-0.html
- https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ca-supreme-court/1798335.html
- https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1950/24728-3.html
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-spokesman-review-state-may-ask-death/96785109/
- https://law.justia.com/cases/virginia/supreme-court/1951/3831-1.html
- https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-vester-mcburnet/32325584/